Molecular Basis of Transglutaminase-2 and Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in Experimental Myopia: A Target for Myopia Treatment

Myopia, a prevalent refractive error disorder worldwide, is characterized by the elongation of eye, leading to visual abnormalities. Understanding genetic factors involved in myopia crucial for developing therapeutic and preventive measures. Unfortunately, only limited number genes with well-defined functionality have been associated myopia. In this study, we found that homozygous TGM2-deleted gene mice protected against development slowing down eye. The effectiveness knockdown was confirmed achieving 60 percent reduction TGM-2 transcript levels through use TGM-2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) human scleral fibroblasts (SFs). Furthermore, treating normal mouse SFs various transglutaminase inhibitors led down-regulation expression, most significant observed specific inhibitors. Additionally, study pharmacological blockade muscarinic receptors also slowed progression mice, effect accompanied decrease enzyme expression. Specifically, mAChR5, mAChR1, and/or mAChR4 knockout exhibited higher mRNA compared mAChR2 three (fold changes 5.8, 2.9, 2.4, −2.2, −4.7, respectively; p < 0.05). These findings strongly suggest both play central roles myopia, blocking these could potentially be useful condition. conclusion, targeting may beneficial regarding at least partially mechanism anti-muscarinic drugs Further studies should investigate interaction between receptors, as well other extracellular matrix growth during